Providing secure access for automatically on-boarded subscribers in Wi-Fi networks

ABSTRACT

A default pre-shared key is provided from a first device to a second device. The first device is configured to control network access to a network. A first authentication request is obtained at the first device from a third device. The first authentication request includes data indicative of the second device. A first response to the first authentication request is provided from the first device to the third device. The first response includes the default pre-shared key. A second authentication request containing a private pre-shared key and the data indicative of the second device is obtained at the first device from the third device. Stored data at the first device is updated in response to the second authentication request with the private pre-shared key and the data indicative of the second device to provision the first device to provide network access to the network to the second device.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to Wi-Fi networks and the automaticon-boarding of subscribers to such networks.

BACKGROUND

With the tremendous speed of technological evolution, wirelessconnectivity and mobility play significant roles in bringing greatercomfort, seamless usability and improved collaboration to userexperiences. Wireless subscriber bases are rapidly increasing in sizeand this is particularly true in Wi-Fi® wireless local area networks.While this phenomenon is good for users and service providers, itresults in new challenges, especially for the Wi-Fi service providers.

Configuring and provisioning of the user credentials to provide userswith wireless local area network access presents real challenges, asdoes maintaining these credentials. These provisioning and maintainingtasks become even more difficult in public deployments where subscriberpresence is dynamic. The usual and/or manual provisioning techniques ofthe related art may not scale easily and may be difficult to sustain asa subscriber base increases. In other words, in large scale Wi-Fideployments, particularly for service providers with large subscriberbases, it may be extremely difficult to provision and manage subscriberswith traditional and manual related art procedures without compromisingon security.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a network environment configured toimplement the secure and automatic onboarding of Wi-Fi networksubscriber techniques of the present disclosure, according to exampleembodiments.

FIG. 2 is first process flow associated with a first part of thetechniques of the present disclosure, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 3 is second process flow associated with a second part of thetechniques of the present disclosure, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 4 is process flow associated with a third part of the techniques ofthe present disclosure, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart providing a process flow for implementing thesecure and automatic onboarding of Wi-Fi network subscriber techniquesof the present disclosure, according to example embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of an apparatus configured toimplement the techniques of the present disclosure, according to exampleembodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Overview

The techniques of the present disclosure provide secure access forautomatically on-boarding (e.g., configuring and/or provisioning) usersin network deployments. According to these techniques, a defaultpre-shared key is provided from a first device to a second device. Thefirst device is configured to control network access to a network. Afirst authentication request is obtained at the first device from athird device. The first authentication request includes data indicativeof the second device. A first response to the first authenticationrequest is provided from the first device to the third device. The firstresponse includes the default pre-shared key. A second authenticationrequest containing a private pre-shared key and the data indicative ofthe second device is obtained at the first device from the third device.Stored data at the first device is updated in response to the secondauthentication request with the private pre-shared key and the dataindicative of the second device to provision the first device to providenetwork access to the network to the second device.

According to specific example embodiments, the techniques of the presentdisclosure provide a mechanism to provision an authentication,authorization, and accounting (AAA) server with the private pre-sharedkeys of authenticated clients in a secure manner and to on-boardsubscribers automatically in Wi-Fi and/or wireless local area network(WLAN) deployments. The techniques provide suitable mechanisms for bothpublic and private Wi-Fi deployments.

EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

Related art procedures to provision, for example, AAA servers oftenrequire administrators and end-users to configure the credentials forWi-Fi access. For example, in systems implementing Wi-Fi ProtectedAccess 2 (WPA2) used in conjunction with the Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers Standards association (IEEE) 802.1x standard forport-based Network Access Control, administrators may need to manuallyconfigure credentials, including a username, a password, and apassphrase.

As the size of a Wi-Fi user base increases, manual provisioning andconfiguring of these types of credentials may cease to be possible orfeasible. The techniques of the present disclosure provide secure accessfor automatically on-boarding (e.g., configuring and/or provisioning)subscribers in Wi-Fi deployments. According to specific exampleembodiments, the techniques of the present disclosure provide amechanism to provision the private pre-shared key (sometimes referencedin the figures as an “aPSK”) of authenticated clients in a secure mannerand to on-board subscribers automatically in Wi-Fi deployments. Thetechniques provide suitable mechanisms for both public and private Wi-Fideployments.

With reference now made to FIG. 1, depicted therein is a networkenvironment 100 that includes client devices 105 a-e (also referred toas stations (STAs)), an access point (AP) 110, a wireless local areanetwork controller (WLC) 115 and an AAA server 120 which are leveragedaccording to the techniques of the present disclosure to provide accessto Wi-Fi network 125. While FIG. 1 illustrates access point 110 and WLC115 as being separate devices, these devices may be combined orseparated into fewer or more devices. Accordingly, when the presentdisclosure refers to operations performed by a WLC with reference toFIGS. 1-5, these operations may be implemented through an access point,a WLC and/or a combination thereof.

According to the example embodiment of FIG. 1, a default pre-shared key130 is provided to client device 105 a via, for example, a social loginapplication that communicates with AAA server 120. This defaultpre-shared key is used in a first Media Access Control (MAC)authentication procedure 135. While this first authentication procedure135 may be denied, it is leveraged to provide the AAA server 120 withthe MAC address of the client device 105 a. Pre-shared key negotiation140 is then performed between client device 105 a and WLC 115 togenerate a unique private pre-shared key 145. A second authenticationprocedure 150 is performed which provisions AAA server 120 with theunique private pre-shared key 145 for client device 105 a, automaticallyand securely provisioning AAA server 120 to permit client device 105 ato access Wi-Fi network 125 when media requests are subsequently made byclient device 105 a.

More specifically, according to example embodiments of the presentdisclosure, during a MAC authentication failure, a WLC may be configuredwith the WLAN name, also referred to as the service set identifier(SSID) for the WLAN, and with a configuration that includes apre-shared-key to be used for MAC authentication and Web Authentication.Access points (APs), such as AP 110, may connect or join to WLC 115,download the configuration and start beaconing the configured SSID.

An application or “app” installed on the client devices 105 a-e may beused for social login and for auto generation of a unique privatepre-shared key. This unique pre-shared key may then be used toautomatically provision AAA server 120 to permit access to Wi-Fi network125. FIGS. 2-4 illustrate an example embodiment of a device associationflow according to the techniques of the present disclosure. First andsecond portions of the process flow, illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3,autogenerate the unique private pre-shared keys and update orautomatically provision the AAA server 120 securely. In other words,example embodiments provision private pre-shared keys back to an AAAserver 120 in a secured manner. Accordingly, the AAA server 120 may beauto provisioned with user credentials for the clients 105 a-e to joinWi-Fi network 125 automatically. The third part of the process flow,illustrated in FIG. 4, illustrates how a client device 105 a-e accessesWi-Fi network 125 once AAA server 120 is auto-provisioned with the MACaddress and private pre-shared key for the client device 105 a-e.

Turning to FIG. 2, the process flow begins in operation 230 where anapplication used to generate a private pre-shared key is installed onclient device 205. This application may be integrated with a sociallogin application 225, such as “WeChat.” Example embodiments of clientdevice 205 may be mobile devices, such as smart phones or tablets,laptop computer devices, or desktop computer devices. As illustrated inFIG. 2, prior to the association, the application will perform sociallogin authentication 235 with Social Login application 225 through theAAA server 220. Upon successful authentication of the user associatedwith client 205 in operation 240, AAA server 220 maintains a usernameassociated with the user of client device 205 in its memory, inoperation 245. For example, AAA server 220 may maintain stored data,such as a database of usernames and associated pre-shared keys that areused for providing access to Wi-Fi networks. Accordingly, an example ofstored data after operation 245 is illustrated in Table 1, below. Asillustrated, Table 1 includes usernames for client devices for which AAAserver 220 has undergone the process of FIG. 2. The remaining values inTable 1, i.e., the “Macaddress” and “Private PSK” data associated withrespective “Usernames,” will be populated through the processillustrated in FIG. 3, below.

TABLE 1 Macaddress Private PSK Username wireless cisco

Finally, AAA server 220 may also provide client 205 with a defaultpre-shared key in operation 250, which may be used in the subsequentprocessing illustrated in FIG. 3. This default pre-shared key may beused to automatically provision AAA server 220 with the credentials,i.e., the “Macaddress” and “Private PSK” data, via which client 205 willaccess a particular WLAN or Wi-Fi network.

Turning to FIG. 3, the process flow continues with operations performedbetween client 205, AAA server 220 and WLC 315. The process flow of FIG.3 may be viewed as being broken into four stages: association stage 330,a default pre-shared key stage 340, a web authentication stage 350, anda private pre-shared key update stage 360.

In the association stage 330, client 205 detects the WLAN or Wi-Finetwork (i.e., it detects the SSID broadcast by an access point, such asaccess point 110 of FIG. 1, or by WLC 315). Client 205 initiates anassociation request to WLC 315, as illustrated in operation 332. WLC 315receives the association request 332 and sends association response 333back to client 205. WLC 315 also sends an access request 334 to AAAserver 220. Access request 334 includes the MAC address for client 205for use in the MAC Authentication performed by AAA server 220. As thisis the first access request sent on behalf of client 205, the MACaddress for client 205 may not have been registered with AAA server 220.Therefore, AAA server 220 sends access reject 335 back to WLC 315.Included in access reject 335 is the default pre-shared key previouslyprovided to client 205, as illustrated in operation 250 of FIG. 2.

In the default pre-shared key stage 340, WLC 315 uses the defaultpre-shared key received with the access reject 335 from the AAA serverto perform pre-shared key negotiation 342. Client 205 is already awareof the default pre-shared key due to the pre-configuration thereofperformed as illustrated in FIG. 2.

As a result of pre-shared key negotiation 342, client 205 learns theInternet Protocol (IP) address for WLC 315 in operation 344, and asession key and a broadcast key are generated in operation 346. Withclient 205 in possess of the IP address for WLC 315 and the session andbroadcast keys, the process moves to the web authentication stage 350 toperform the web-authentication required state.

In web authentication stage 350, client 205 makes a web request 352 toWLC 315. For example, this web request may be made via the applicationused in FIG. 2 to acquire the default pre-shared key. Client 205 mayattempt to browse to some default page (such as Google's default searchpage) via the application. The web request is redirected to the IPaddress for WLC 315 in operation 354. Meanwhile, client 205 may autogenerate (e.g., via the application) a random private pre-shared key.

In response to the redirection 354 to the IP address of WLC 315, a webpage may be provided to client 205 for entry of a username and/orpassword. Client 205 may provide the username and generated privatepre-shared key (e.g., automatically via the application) and post theweb-authentication page back to WLC 315 in operation 356. The processthen moves to the private pre-shared key update stage 360.

In the private pre-shared key update stage 360, WLC 315 fetches theusername and private pre-shared key from operation 356 and sends theseto AAA server 220 via access update request 362. In addition to theusername and private pre-shared key, access update request 362 includesthe MAC address for client 205. In operation 363, AAA server 220searches its stored data or database using the username (e.g., as aprimary key where the stored data is embodied as a database) andprovisions the stored data with the given MAC address and privatepre-shared key. For example, in operation 245 of FIG. 2, AAA server 220updated the username for client 205 in its stored data. When AAA server220 searches its stored data in operation 363 based upon the username,this data associated with the username may be updated with the privatepre-shared key and MAC address for client 205. The AAA server then sendsback access accept 364 to WLC 315. Accordingly, AAA server 220 has beenautomatically provisioned with the credentials (e.g., username, privatepre-shared key and MAC address) for client 205. This private pre-sharedkey is generated and provided to each element in the network environmentin a secure manner. Specifically, the private pre-shared key is firstprovisioned at client 205, then provisioned to an access point (ifpresent), from the access point the private pre-shared key isprovisioned to WLC 315, and finally, the private pre-shared key isprovisioned to AAA server 220. This path is completely secured.

The path between client 205 and an access point may be secured using thepre-shared key. The path between the access point and WLC 315 may besecured using, for example, a Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS)connection. The path between WLC 315 and AAA server 220 may be securedusing an Internet Protocol Security (IPSsec) or RADIUS (RadSec)connection. Hence the complete path between client 205 and AAA server220 is secured.

Illustrated below in Table 2 is an example AAA database table,illustrating example entries after the successful private pre-shared keyupdate stage has completed with the username as the primary key.

TABLE 2 Macaddress Private PSK Username 07:ae:b9:d2:f3:b2 erjjejhjd21wireless 03:ee:a9:c2:d4:a5 jjhhkl1l145 cisco

Upon receiving access accept 364 from AAA server 220, WLC 315de-authenticates client 205 via de-authentication request 365. Client205 sends de-authentication response 366. This de-authentication forcesclient 205 to re-join WLC 315 using the private pre-shared key, asillustrated with reference to FIG. 4 below.

Turning to FIG. 4, depicted therein is the process via which client 205re-authenticates to WLC 315 so that client 205 may begin utilizing theWi-Fi network or WLAN. The process of FIG. 4 begins when client 205 usesthe private pre-shared key generated in operation 346 of FIG. 3 to sendassociation request 402. WLC sends association response 404 back toclient 205 and also sends access request 406 to AAA server 220. Accessrequest 406 includes the MAC address for client 205. AAA server 220searches its stored data in operation 408 based on the MAC address ofclient 205 and returns access accept 410 with the already provisionedprivate pre-shared key found against the MAC address for client 205. Inother words, access is now granted to client 205 because AAA server 220was previously provisioned with the private pre-shared key, username andMAC address of client 205 in operation 363 of FIG. 3. This grant ofaccess may be contrasted with the access denial of operation 335 of FIG.3 from prior to the provisioning of operation 363, also of FIG. 3.

WLC 315 and client 205 perform pre-shared key negotiation 412 based uponthe private pre-shared key to generate a session key and a broadcastkey. From this point onwards, traffic between client 205 and WLC 315 (oran access point, such as access point 110 of FIG. 1) would be encryptedusing these keys. In operation 414, client 205 receives the appropriateIP address for messages sent via the WLAN or WIFi network from, forexample, a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, client 205and WLC 315 communicate in run state 416. Accordingly, client 205 is nowprovided access to the WLAN or Wi-Fi environment that AAA server 220controls.

With reference now made to FIG. 5, depicted therein is a flowchart 500illustrating a process flow for performing an example embodiment of thetechniques of the present disclosure. The process flow of FIG. 5 beginsin operation 505 where a default pre-shared key is provided from a firstdevice to a second device. The first device is configured toauthenticate client devices to a network. According to specificimplementation of operation 505, the first device may be embodied as anAAA server, such as AAA server 120 of FIG. 1 or AAA server 220 of FIGS.2-4. The second device may be embodied as a client device, such as oneor more of client devices 105 a-e of FIG. 1 and/or client device 205 ofFIGS. 2-4. The default pre-shared key may be provided to the seconddevice via, for example, a social login application, as illustrated inFIG. 2.

In operation 510, a first authentication request is obtained at thefirst device from a third device. The authentication request includesdata indicative of the second device. Operation 510 may be embodied as,for example, access request 334 of FIG. 3, and the data indicative ofthe second device may be embodied as a MAC address for the seconddevice, also as shown in access request 334 of FIG. 3.

In operation 515, a first response to the first authentication requestis provided to third device from the first device. The first responseincludes the default pre-shared key. According to specific embodimentsof operation 515, the first response may be embodied as access reject335 of FIG. 3.

In operation 520, a second authentication request is obtained at thefirst device from the third device. This second authentication requestincludes a private pre-shared key and data indicative of the seconddevice. For example, the second authentication request may be embodiedas access request 362 of FIG. 3, with the data indicative of the seconddevice being embodied as one or more of the username or MAC addressassociated with client 205 of FIGS. 2-4. As with the example of FIG. 3,the private pre-shared key may be generated through a negotiationprocess between the second device and third device, such as pre-sharedkey negotiation 342 of FIG. 3.

In operation 525 stored data at the first device is updated in responseto the second authentication request. The stored data is updated withthe private pre-shared key and the data indicative of the second device.This updating of the stored data provisions the first device to providenetwork access to the network to the second device. For example,operation 525 may be embodied as operation 363 of FIG. 3.

The process flow illustrated in flowchart 500 may include additionalsteps as illustrated in, for example, FIGS. 1-4. Accordingly, once thefirst device is provisioned to provide network access to the network tothe second device, authentication requests may be made to the firstdevice via one or more of the second and third devices so that thesecond device can receive access to the network. In other words,additional processing steps as illustrated in FIG. 4 may be added to theprocessing illustrated in FIG. 5.

The techniques described above with reference to FIGS. 1-5 may beutilized in a number of different deployments, which include publicWi-Fi deployments and private or enterprise Wi-Fi deployments. Thesetechniques may be used in conjunction with key expiry processes whichdiffer depending on whether the techniques are applied within a public,private or enterprise setting.

In public Wi-Fi deployments, key expiry and rotation may be mandatorybecause of the dynamic nature of the client devices that will beaccessing the WLAN or Wi-Fi environment. Otherwise, with the autoprovisioning in place, the AAA server stored data (e.g., database) couldgrow exponentially. Accordingly, the AAA server expires the older keysand new associations from client devices would come with the defaultpre-shared key. Said differently, when a private pre-shared key in thestored data of the AAA server expires, the process illustrated in FIG. 3may be re-implemented to generate a new private key for use with theclient whose previous private key has expired.

In private or enterprise Wi-Fi deployments, key expiry and rotation maybe optional. In some private deployments, the AAA server may be runningon the WLC itself, so that provisioning onto the external AAA server isnot required.

In addition to the above described key management mechanisms, keymanagement may include the following aspects so that the managementtechniques may be tailored to different scenarios:

-   -   The generated and provisioned private pre-shared keys of the        devices may be generated with a limited lifetime. Once a private        pre-shared key expires, if the client device associated with the        expired private pre-shared key is still present, the AAA server        will push for Change of Authorization (CoA) and the client        On-Boarding mechanism (e.g., the processes illustrated in one or        more of FIGS. 1-3 and/or 5) will be re-triggered. This will help        to cleanup stale client entries on AAA servers.    -   Excluded or Blacklisted clients details shall be provisioned on        the AAA server by the Administrator so that automatic        on-Boarding of those clients may be denied.

With reference now made to FIG. 6, depicted therein is an apparatusconfigured to implement the techniques of the present disclosure.Specifically, illustrated in FIG. 6 is an apparatus that may beconfigured to implement any of the functions described above withreference to FIGS. 1-5. FIG. 6 illustrates a computer system 601 uponwhich the embodiments presented may be implemented. The computer system601 may be programmed to implement a computer based device. The computersystem 601 includes a bus 602 or other communication mechanism forcommunicating information, and a processor 603 coupled with the bus 602for processing the information. While the figure shows a single block603 for a processor, it should be understood that the processors 603represent a plurality of processing cores, each of which can performseparate processing. The computer system 601 also includes a main memory604, such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storagedevice (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), and synchronousDRAM (SD RAM)), coupled to the bus 602 for storing information andinstructions to be executed by processor 603. In addition, the mainmemory 604 may be used for storing temporary variables or otherintermediate information during the execution of instructions by theprocessor 603.

The computer system 601 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 605 orother static storage device (e.g., programmable ROM (PROM), erasablePROM (EPROM), and electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM)) coupled to thebus 602 for storing static information and instructions for theprocessor 603.

The computer system 601 also includes a disk controller 606 coupled tothe bus 602 to control one or more storage devices for storinginformation and instructions, such as a magnetic hard disk 607 or solidstate drive, and a removable media drive 608 (e.g., floppy disk drive,read-only compact disc drive, read/write compact disc drive, removablemagneto-optical drive and optical storage drive). The storage devicesmay be added to the computer system 601 using an appropriate deviceinterface (e.g., small computer system interface (SCSI), integrateddevice electronics (IDE), enhanced-IDE (E-IDE), direct memory access(DMA), or ultra-DMA), or any other technologies now known or hereinafterdeveloped.

The computer system 601 may also include special purpose logic devices(e.g., application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)) or configurablelogic devices (e.g., simple programmable logic devices (SPLDs), complexprogrammable logic devices (CPLDs), and field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs)), that, in addition to microprocessors and digital signalprocessors may individually, or collectively, are types of processingcircuitry. The processing circuitry may be located in one device ordistributed across multiple devices.

The computer system 601 may also include a display controller 609coupled to the bus 602 to control a display 610, such as a LiquidCrystal Display (LCD), Light Emitting Diode (LED) display, or other nowknown or hereinafter developed display technologies, for displayinginformation to a computer user. The computer system 601 includes inputdevices, such as a keyboard 611 and a pointing device 612, forinteracting with a computer user and providing information to theprocessor 603. The pointing device 612, for example, may be a mouse, atrackball, a pointing stick or a touch-pad, for communicating directioninformation and command selections to the processor 603 and forcontrolling cursor movement on the display 610. The display 610 may be atouch-screen display.

The computer system 601 performs a portion or all of the processingsteps of the process in response to the processor 603 executing one ormore sequences of one or more instructions contained in a memory, suchas the main memory 604. Such instructions may be read into the mainmemory 604 from another computer readable medium, such as a hard disk orsolid state drive 607 or a removable media drive 608. One or moreprocessors in a multi-processing arrangement may also be employed toexecute the sequences of instructions contained in main memory 604. Inalternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of orin combination with software instructions. Thus, embodiments are notlimited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.

As stated above, the computer system 601 includes at least one computerreadable medium or memory for holding instructions programmed accordingto the embodiments presented, for containing data structures, tables,records, or other data described herein. Examples of computer readablemedia are compact discs, hard disks, floppy disks, tape, magneto-opticaldisks, PROMs (EPROM, EEPROM, flash EPROM), DRAM, SRAM, SD RAM, or anyother magnetic medium, compact discs (e.g., CD-ROM), or any otheroptical medium, punch cards, paper tape, or other physical medium withpatterns of holes, or any other medium from which a computer can read.

Stored on any one or on a combination of non-transitory computerreadable storage media, embodiments presented herein include softwarefor controlling the computer system 601, for driving a device or devicesfor implementing the process, and for enabling the computer system 601to interact with a human user (e.g., print production personnel). Suchsoftware may include, but is not limited to, device drivers, operatingsystems, development tools, and applications software. Such computerreadable storage media further includes a computer program product forperforming all or a portion (if processing is distributed) of theprocessing presented herein.

The computer code devices may be any interpretable or executable codemechanism, including but not limited to scripts, interpretable programs,dynamic link libraries (DLLs), Java classes, and complete executableprograms. Moreover, parts of the processing may be distributed forbetter performance, reliability, and/or cost.

The computer system 601 also includes a communication interface 613coupled to the bus 602. The communication interface 613 provides atwo-way data communication coupling to a network link 614 that isconnected to, for example, a local area network (LAN) 615, or to anothercommunications network 616 such as the Internet. For example, thecommunication interface 613 may be a wired or wireless network interfacecard to attach to any packet switched (wired or wireless) LAN. Asanother example, the communication interface 613 may be an asymmetricaldigital subscriber line (ADSL) card, an integrated services digitalnetwork (ISDN) card or a modem to provide a data communicationconnection to a corresponding type of communications line. Wirelesslinks may also be implemented. In any such implementation, thecommunication interface 613 sends and receives electrical,electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streamsrepresenting various types of information.

The network link 614 typically provides data communication through oneor more networks to other data devices. For example, the network link614 may provide a connection to another computer through a local areanetwork 615 (e.g., a LAN) or through equipment operated by a serviceprovider, which provides communication services through a communicationsnetwork 616. The local network 614 and the communications network 616use, for example, electrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals thatcarry digital data streams, and the associated physical layer (e.g., CAT5 cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, etc.). The signals through thevarious networks and the signals on the network link 614 and through thecommunication interface 613, which carry the digital data to and fromthe computer system 601 maybe implemented in baseband signals, orcarrier wave based signals. The baseband signals convey the digital dataas unmodulated electrical pulses that are descriptive of a stream ofdigital data bits, where the term “bits” is to be construed broadly tomean symbol, where each symbol conveys at least one or more informationbits. The digital data may also be used to modulate a carrier wave, suchas with amplitude, phase and/or frequency shift keyed signals that arepropagated over a conductive media, or transmitted as electromagneticwaves through a propagation medium. Thus, the digital data may be sentas unmodulated baseband data through a “wired” communication channeland/or sent within a predetermined frequency band, different thanbaseband, by modulating a carrier wave. The computer system 601 cantransmit and receive data, including program code, through thenetwork(s) 615 and 616, the network link 614 and the communicationinterface 613. Moreover, the network link 614 may provide a connectionthrough a LAN 615 to a mobile device 617 such as a personal digitalassistant (PDA) laptop computer, or cellular telephone.

The process flows, flowcharts and block diagrams in the figuresillustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possibleimplementations of systems, methods, and computer program productsaccording to various embodiments. In this regard, each block in theflowchart, process flow or block diagrams may represent a module,segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or moreexecutable instructions for implementing the specified logicalfunction(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted inthe blocks may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example,two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantiallyconcurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverseorder, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be notedthat each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedsystems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry outcombinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.

In summary, the techniques of the present disclosures provides forsecure access for automatically on-boarded subscribers in Wi-Fideployments. The techniques also provide for the automatic provisioningof an AAA server to provide access to a WLAN or Wi-Fi network.

Furthermore, the techniques of the present disclosure may provide one ormore of the following advantages.

-   -   Simplified secure guest access workflows and on-boarding        applications.    -   The ability to revoke a single key without effecting the rest of        the network. In other words, the ability to easily revoke        access, for a single device or individual, without affecting        everyone else.    -   Self-registration against Active Directory for personal        Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) environments.    -   Time-based key validity for guest access.    -   With a username in place, accounting per user login from        multiple devices is possible.    -   No configuration is required for client devices, making it ideal        for BYOD and guest deployments.    -   Highly suitable for service provider Wi-Fi deployments for both        public and private locations.

The techniques of the present application may be particularly applicableto:

-   -   Public deployments like malls, airports, hotels and stadiums,        where the subscribers may be provisioned and onboarded        automatically without compromising on security.    -   Private/enterprise deployments permitting the auto on-boarding        of employees and guests to be easily managed.

The techniques of the present application may also be easily integratedwith social media and social login applications such as Wechat.

Furthermore, in large scale Wi-Fi deployments, especially with serviceproviders, it is extremely difficult to provision and manage subscriberswith the traditional and manual procedures without compromising onsecurity. Traditional approaches would require, administrators andend-users need to configure the credentials manually. The techniques ofthe present disclosure may alleviate or solve some of these challenges.

According to the techniques of the present application, provided forherein are methods that include: providing, from a first device to asecond device, a default pre-shared key, wherein the first device isconfigured to control network access to a network; obtaining, at thefirst device from a third device, a first authentication requestincluding data indicative of the second device; providing, from thefirst device to the third device, a first response to the firstauthentication request including the default pre-shared key; obtaining,at the first device from the third device, a second authenticationrequest containing a private pre-shared key and the data indicative ofthe second device; and updating stored data at the first device inresponse to the second authentication request with the privatepre-shared key and the data indicative of the second device to provisionthe first device to provide network access to the network to the seconddevice.

Also provided for herein are apparatuses comprising one or morememories, a network interface, and one or more processors. The apparatusis configured to control network access to a network, and the one ormore processors are configured to: provide, via the network interface toa first device, a default pre-shared key; obtain, via the networkinterface from a second device, a first authentication request includingdata indicative of the first device; provide, via the network interfaceto the second device, a first response to the first authenticationrequest including the default pre-shared key; obtain, via the networkinterface from the second device, a second authentication requestcontaining a private pre-shared key and the data indicative of the firstdevice; and update stored data contained in the one or more memorydevices in response to the second authentication request with theprivate pre-shared key and the data indicative of the first device toprovision the apparatus to provide network access to the network to thefirst device.

The techniques of the present application also provide for one or moretangible, non-transitory computer readable media encoded withinstructions, which when executed by a processor, are operable to:provide, from a first device to a second device, a default pre-sharedkey, wherein the first device is configured to control network access toa network; obtain, at the first device from a third device, a firstauthentication request including data indicative of the second device;provide, from the first device to the third device, a first response tothe first authentication request including the default pre-shared key;obtain, at the first device from the third device, a secondauthentication request containing a private pre-shared key and the dataindicative of the second device; and update stored data at the firstdevice in response to the second authentication request with the privatepre-shared key and the data indicative of the second device to provisionthe first device to provide network access to the network to the seconddevice.

The above description is intended by way of example only. Although thetechniques are illustrated and described herein as embodied in one ormore specific examples, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited tothe details shown, since various modifications and structural changesmay be made within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: providing, from a firstdevice to a second device, a default pre-shared key, wherein the firstdevice is configured to control network access to a network; obtaining,at the first device from a third device, a first authentication requestincluding data indicative of the second device; providing, from thefirst device to the third device, a first response to the firstauthentication request including the default pre-shared key; obtaining,at the first device from the third device, a second authenticationrequest containing a private pre-shared key and the data indicative ofthe second device; and updating stored data at the first device inresponse to the second authentication request with the privatepre-shared key and the data indicative of the second device to provisionthe first device to provide network access to the network to the seconddevice.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device comprises anauthentication authorization and accounting server; wherein the seconddevice comprises a client device, and wherein the third device comprisesa wireless local area network controller.
 3. The method of claim 1,further comprising: obtaining, at the first device from the thirddevice, a third authentication request containing the data indicative ofthe second device; retrieving, from the stored data, the privatepre-shared key; and providing, to the third device from the firstdevice, a third response including the private pre-shared key,configured to allow the third device to provide access to the network tothe second device.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining thesecond authentication request comprises obtaining the secondauthentication request subsequent to a pre-shared key negotiationbetween the second device and the third device during which the privatepre-shared key is generated by the second device and the third device.5. The method of claim 1, wherein providing, from the first device tothe second device, the default pre-shared key comprises providing thedefault pre-shared key to the second device via a social loginapplication.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the network comprises aprivate Wi-Fi network deployment.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein thenetwork comprises a public Wi-Fi network deployment.
 8. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: expiring the private pre-shared key; andobtaining, at the first device from the third device in response to theexpiring of the private pre-shared key, a third authentication requestincluding the data indicative of the second device.
 9. The method ofclaim 1, wherein obtaining the first authentication request includingthe data indicative of the second device includes: based on the seconddevice being associated with the third device, obtaining, at the firstdevice from the third device, the first authentication request in whichthe data includes an address of the second device, wherein the firstresponse is an access reject that includes the default pre-shared key.10. An apparatus comprising: one or more memory devices; a networkinterface; and one or more processors, wherein the apparatus isconfigured to control network access to a network, and wherein the oneor more processors are configured to: provide, via the network interfaceto a first device, a default pre-shared key; obtain, via the networkinterface from a second device, a first authentication request includingdata indicative of the first device; provide, via the network interfaceto the second device, a first response to the first authenticationrequest including the default pre-shared key; obtain, via the networkinterface from the second device, a second authentication requestcontaining a private pre-shared key and the data indicative of the firstdevice; and update stored data contained in the one or more memorydevices in response to the second authentication request with theprivate pre-shared key and the data indicative of the first device toprovision the apparatus to provide network access to the network to thefirst device.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the apparatuscomprises an authentication authorization and accounting server; whereinthe first device comprises a client device, and wherein the seconddevice comprises a wireless local area network controller.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are furtherconfigured to: obtain, via the network interface from the second device,a third authentication request containing the data indicative of thefirst device; retrieve, from the one or more memory devices, the privatepre-shared key; and provide, via the network interface to the seconddevice, a third response including the private pre-shared key,configured to allow the second device to provide access to the networkto the first device.
 13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one ormore processors are configured to obtain the second authenticationrequest by obtaining the second authentication request subsequent to apre-shared key negotiation between the first device and the seconddevice during which the private pre-shared key is generated by the firstdevice and the second device.
 14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein theone or more processors are configured to provide, via the networkinterface to the second device, the default pre-shared key by providingthe default pre-shared key to the first device via a social loginapplication.
 15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the one or moreprocessors are further configured to: expire the private pre-shared key;and obtain, via the network interface from the second device in responseto expiration of the private pre-shared key, a third authenticationrequest including the data indicative of the first device.
 16. One ormore tangible non-transitory computer readable media encoded withinstructions, which when executed by a processor, are operable to:provide, from a first device to a second device, a default pre-sharedkey, wherein the first device is configured to control network access toa network; obtain, at the first device from a third device, a firstauthentication request including data indicative of the second device;provide, from the first device to the third device, a first response tothe first authentication request including the default pre-shared key;obtain, at the first device from the third device, a secondauthentication request containing a private pre-shared key and the dataindicative of the second device; and update stored data at the firstdevice in response to the second authentication request with the privatepre-shared key and the data indicative of the second device to provisionthe first device to provide network access to the network to the seconddevice.
 17. The one or more tangible non-transitory computer readablemedia of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further operable to:obtain, at the first device from the third device, a thirdauthentication request containing the data indicative of the seconddevice; retrieve, from the stored data, the private pre-shared key; andprovide, to the third device from the first device, a third responseincluding the private pre-shared key, configured to allow the thirddevice to provide access to the network to the second device.
 18. Theone or more tangible non-transitory computer readable media of claim 16,wherein the instructions are further operable to obtain the secondauthentication request by obtaining the second authentication requestsubsequent to a pre-shared key negotiation between the second device andthe third device during which the private pre-shared key is generated bythe second device and the third device.
 19. The one or more tangiblenon-transitory computer readable media of claim 16, wherein theinstructions are further operable to provide, from the first device tothe second device, the default pre-shared key by providing the defaultpre-shared key to the second device via a social login application. 20.The one or more tangible non-transitory computer readable media of claim16, wherein the instructions are further operable to: expire the privatepre-shared key; and obtain, at the first device from the third device inresponse to expiration of the private pre-shared key, a thirdauthentication request including the data indicative of the seconddevice.